Journal: ImmunoHorizons

Article Title: Characterization of Turbo, a TLR Ligand-based Adjuvant for Glycoconjugate Vaccines

doi: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2400040

Figure Lengend Snippet: Admixing Turbo with Ags is required for its adjuvanticity. ( A ) 50 µg of NP-CGG ( n = 4) or ( B ) Typbar TCV vaccine containing 2.5 µg of ViPS ( n = 12) given alone or admixed with Turbo (5 µg of MPLA) was administered i.m. with (A) in the right thigh of the hind limb (ipsilateral) of 10- to 12-wk-old C57BL6/J mice. A group of mice that were immunized with NP-CGG or Typbar TCV alone also received Turbo in the left thigh of the hind limb (contralateral). NP-specific or ViPS-specific IgM, IgG1, IgG2b, IgG2c, and IgG3 levels were measured by ELISA. ( C ) Typbar TCV vaccine containing 2.5 µg of ViPS given alone or admixed with either Turbo (5 µg of MPLA) or alum (Imject Alum; 1 mg of aluminum hydroxide and 1 mg of magnesium hydroxide) and immunized i.m. measured Ab responses. Statistics were done using two-way ANOVA Sidak’s multiple comparisons test, and statistically significant differences were indicated as **** p < 0.0001, *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.001, * p < 0.05. N.S., not significant.

Article Snippet: ViPS-specific mouse IgM, IgG, IgG1, IgG2b, IgG2c, and IgG3 levels were interpreted as ng/μl “equivalents” using normal mouse serum standards (Bethyl Laboratories, Montgomery, TX), mouse isotype-specific capture Abs, and Horseradish peroxidase conjugated anti-mouse IgM, IgG, IgG1, IgG2b, IgG2c, and IgG3 as described previously ( ).

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: ImmunoHorizons

Article Title: Characterization of Turbo, a TLR Ligand-based Adjuvant for Glycoconjugate Vaccines

doi: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2400040

Figure Lengend Snippet: Turbo adjuvanticity requires TLR4-MyD88 axis, as well as costimulatory molecules CD40 and CD86. Wild-type (C57BL/6J) or indicated gene-deficient male and female mice ( n = 5–8) 8–10 wk of age were immunized i.m. with 2.5 µg of ( A ) Typbar TCV, ( B ) ViPS, or ( C and D ) phenol-extracted ViPS admixed with Turbo (5 µg of MPLA). ViPS-specific IgM and IgG levels were measured by ELISA. Statistics were done using two-way ANOVA Sidak’s multiple comparisons test, and statistically significant differences were indicated as **** p < 0.0001, *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.001, * p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: ViPS-specific mouse IgM, IgG, IgG1, IgG2b, IgG2c, and IgG3 levels were interpreted as ng/μl “equivalents” using normal mouse serum standards (Bethyl Laboratories, Montgomery, TX), mouse isotype-specific capture Abs, and Horseradish peroxidase conjugated anti-mouse IgM, IgG, IgG1, IgG2b, IgG2c, and IgG3 as described previously ( ).

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: ImmunoHorizons

Article Title: Characterization of Turbo, a TLR Ligand-based Adjuvant for Glycoconjugate Vaccines

doi: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2400040

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunogenicity promoted by Turbo formulations containing various TLR2 and TLR4 ligands. Wild-type (C57BL/6J) male and female mice ( n = 6) 8 wk of age were immunized i.m. with 2.5 µg of Typbar TCV ( A ) admixed with Turbo formulation containing 5 µg of Pam2CSK4 or Pam3CSK4, or ( B ) admixed with Turbo formulation containing 5 µg of MPLA or 3D-6A MPLA. ViPS-specific IgM and IgG isotype levels were measured by ELISA. Statistics were done using two-way ANOVA Sidak’s multiple comparisons test, and statistically significant differences were indicated as **** p < 0.0001, *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.001, * p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: ViPS-specific mouse IgM, IgG, IgG1, IgG2b, IgG2c, and IgG3 levels were interpreted as ng/μl “equivalents” using normal mouse serum standards (Bethyl Laboratories, Montgomery, TX), mouse isotype-specific capture Abs, and Horseradish peroxidase conjugated anti-mouse IgM, IgG, IgG1, IgG2b, IgG2c, and IgG3 as described previously ( ).

Techniques: Immunopeptidomics, Formulation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay